The Future Time Perspective (FTP) Scale

Scoring:

Reverse-code the final three items (#8-10). Calculate mean scores.

There are no defined cutoffs for interpreting FTP scores. Prior research shows a linear relationship between chronological age and time horizons. The strength of the relationship varies as a function of the age range in the sample; nearly always, the relationship is positive, with high scores indicative of longer time horizons.

Citation:

Carstensen, L. L., & Lang, F. R. (1996). Future time perspective scale. Unpublished manuscript, Stanford University.

**ATTENTION: Only the English version of the FTP Scale was developed by our team. Translations of the FTP scale have been provided to us by researchers who requested permission to use our scale in another language. Therefore, we can only confirm the accuracy of the English version of the measure.

The Appreciation of Remaining Time (ART) Scale

Scoring:

Compute the average score of the scale. Higher scores mean greater tendencies to appreciate remaining time.

Citation:

Carstensen, L. L., Chu, L., Matteson, T. J., & Growney, C. M. (2025). What’s time got to do with it? Appreciation of time influences social goals and emotional well-being. Psychology and Aging.

**ATTENTION: Only the English version of the ART Scale was developed by our team. Translations of the ART scale have been provided to us by researchers who requested permission to use our scale in another language. Therefore, we can only confirm the accuracy of the English version of the measure.